| Revenue (GAAP) | Recognized per ASC 606; B2B SaaS contracts. | GL: Revenue accounts 4000-4999 | Include: Subscription, professional services. Exclude: Partner commissions, taxes | Pitfall: Do not recognize full contract value upfront; only earned portion per period |
| ARR | Annualized recurring revenue; normalized for term and minimums. | CRM: Subscription value × 12 ÷ contract months | Include: Recurring subscription fees. Exclude: One-time setup, usage overages | Pitfall: Multi-year deals must be normalized to annual run-rate, not total contract value |
| Billings | Invoices issued; excludes taxes/non-customer cash. | Billing System: Invoice totals (pre-tax) | Include: Customer invoices. Exclude: Sales tax, VAT, refunds, credits | Pitfall: Billings ≠ Revenue; timing differs based on payment terms and recognition |
| Deferred Revenue | Prepaid customer revenue; key SaaS control. | GL: Liability account 2400 | Include: Prepaid subscriptions not yet earned. Exclude: Accounts payable, accrued expenses | Pitfall: Should decrease as revenue is recognized; sudden drops may indicate recognition issues |
| Cash Receipts | Collections excluding financing/refunds. | Bank statements + AR reconciliation | Include: Customer payments. Exclude: Financing proceeds, refunds, inter-company transfers | Pitfall: Operating cash only; do not mix with debt proceeds or equity raises (financing cash) |